CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

• DEFINITION 

Conditional sentences indicate that something has not happened, but you are imagining the possibility. 

We can see that the conditional sentence consists of two parts:

a.  Main clause is a part of a compound sentence that can stand alone if separated from other parts of the sentence. Main clauses already have a subject and predicate.                                  

I will serve you                                   

                                             S          P                                     

  

    Main clause contains something that will be done or would have happened if something that is required is fulfilled.

b. Subordinate clause or “if clause” is part of a compound sentence that cannot stand alone if separated from other parts of the sentence.

Subordinate clauses can be placed as follow:

1.    In front of the main clause. In this case the clause was limited by a comma (,)

o  If it Rains, I will take an umbrella

o  If Mr. Charles were as our English teacher, we should be active students.

2.    After the main clause

o   I will take an umbrella if it Rains.

o   She will come here today if we invite her

Types of Conditional Sentence

TYPE 1

For real conditionals the possibility of something happening exists.

IF+SIMPLE PRESENT, WILL+FUTURE

If I pass the test, I will be very happy.

TYPE 2

Unreal conditionals are hypothetical or to express a condition contrary to the reality of today.

IF+SIMPLE PAST, WOULD+INFINITIVE

If I got a new job next week, I would begin immediately. (It probably won’t happen.)

TYPE 3

They are contrary to fact, meaning they didn’t happen in the past.

IF+PAST PERFECT, WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE

If I hadn’t been sick, I would have gone to the party last night

NOTE:

The coma (,) when the "if clause" is in the beginning of sentence the the coma (,) is given, but if the "if clause" is in the middle of sentence, coma (,) is not needed

Unreal means "does not match reality." It can be said as "a sentence that says modality or to imagine a fact or situation that is incompatible with the fact that there are at this moment." Therefore, the word IF in conditional sentence Type II and Type III should be translated as "if or suppose", not if or when, because the situation is not in reality. This means that state cannot be changed again as what was imagined or assumed. The situation was supposedly impossible or may be not happen again. While the Type I sentences, future real (possible) condition can be translated with the word when or if, not if or suppose because there is a different manner in their using. If is used to declare a thing or situation that is not contrary to the facts / realities. That is something that still may occur.While the word if or suppose is used to something that supposedly is not likely to happen again because it imagined a past and impossible.

•    CONDITIONAL SENTENCE WITH THE WORD OF IF

if is interchangeable when the statement of the conditional clause is a fact or a general issue (also known as zero conditional) and if is used for something that, according to the speaker, might happen.

The Example:  We can spend the afternoon on the beach if the weather is fine.

•    CONDITIONAL SENTENCE WITH THE WORD OF HOPE

Hope use for the future wishes. 

After "hope", use a clause in the present tense to talk about the future. 

For example, "I hope I get a raise next week." Notice that the clause "I get a raise next week" is in the present tense.

I hope I can get this project done on time. (There is a possibility of getting it done on time.)

• CONDITIONAL SENTENCE WITH THE WORD OF WISH

We want a situation or a thing in the present to be different or change. 

After "wish", use the simple past tense in the clause that follows. Use the special conjugation for "be" in the past: I were, He were, She were, It were, We were, You were, They were.

for example:
"I wish my son weren't in New York". The reality is, my son is in New York, and I will miss him.

NOTE: 

Wish is seldom used in the future. If you use wish in the future, you are already sure it is not true (unreal conditional).

• CONDITIONAL SENTENCE WITHOUT THE WORD OF IF

Conditional sentence without if is not different with a conditional sentence that is preceded by if. Removing if in the sentence can only be done on Type II and Type III.

1.    In the conditional Type II

Here too, we can eliminate if, if the subordinate clause does not use the verb phrase but using were and it is in the beginning of the sentence.

Were + S + complement	Past Future
	Will + V 1

·         Were I you, I would care your Parents.

Fact: I'm not you, So I do not care your Parents.

2.     Conditional Sentences Type III

Conditional Sentence Type III, we can eliminate the IF by putting HAD in front of the subject. And there is subordinate clause in the beginning of a sentence.

Had + S + complement	Past Future
	Will + V

·         Had Ali studied hard, he would have passed the test last month

Fact: Ali did not pass the test last month because he did not study hard.


SOURCES:

Pearson. (2010). Conditional Clausese. Diperoleh 20 oktober 2017. dari http://wps.pearsoned.ca/ca_ab_faigley_penghdbk_1/64/16478/4218558.cw/index.html

DSS Library. (2012). Conditional Sentences. Diperoleh 20 oktober 2017. dari http://dsslibraries.blogspot.co.id/p/conditional-sentences.html

Englisch.Hilfen. Replacing IF- Omitting If - If vs When - in case vs IF. Diperoleh 20 oktober 2017. dari https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/replacing_if.htm