ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE



STRUCTURE OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE


DEFINITION OF ACTIVE VOICE


The active voice is actually the most common voice used, which describes the subject actually doing the action. The “voice” of a verb shows the relationship the subject of the sentence has to the action that is described by the verb.

  • The Pattern of Active Voice

Subject+ Verb+ Object

DEFINITION OF PASSIVE VOICE


The passive voice is less common. Unlike the active voice, this describes a verb being happened to the subject of the sentence, rather than the subject carrying it out.

  • The Pattern of Passive Voice 
          Subject+ form of ‘to be’ + past participle of verb+
      by + object



  • THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ACTIVE VOICE 
 1.  The subject of sentence in active form is at the starting of the sentence.
       2.  Subject is followed by the form of ‘to be’, verb and object 
       3.  We can say that verb is in the Active Voice
       4.  An active voice tells clearly about the action who has done it.

  •       THE CHARACTERISTIC OF PASSIVE VOICE

      1. When we change the sentence from active to passive voice, the object becomes the 
         subject.
      2. we can use sentences with only transitive verbs in passive voice that is we can change the    
         sentences having object into this voice.
      3. this is form may or may not tell clearly about the action who has done it.
      4. To make clear the action who has done it we should add ‘by’


 *Transitive verbs is a verb that takes a direct object, that “feels incomplete” without a direct 
    object. They are either active voice or passive voice. 
  1. Transitive active verbs are the verbs in sentences with a direct object.    
          SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT OBJECT
           The example:  i eat sandwich

      2.  Transitive passive verbs these transfer their action to the subject. that means that the subject is 
           the subject receiver of the action.

           Transitive passive verbs always have one of the following as a helping verb:  is, am, 
           are, was, were, be, being, or been as an auxiliary.

           The example:   Sandwich is eaten by me

 *Intransitive verbs don't take an object.
   SUBJECT + VERB
    Here are some examples of intransitive verbs:
He ran. 
They napped.

Based on the explanation above, it can be shown that sentences in the passive voice always contain a transitive verb. When we use the passive voice, the subject is hidden there is always a direct object, which means the verb is always transitive.
Rules for Pronouns in Active to Passive conversion
Active voicePassive voice
Ime
youyou
weus
theythem
itit
    
PASSIVE VOICE AND ACTIVE VOICE PATTERN
Tense
Active voice
Passive voice
Simple present tense
Verb form: first form of the verb

Examples
They speak English here.
He speaks English.
Verb form: is / am / are + past participle form of the verb

Examples
English is spoken here.
English is spoken by him.
Present continuous tense
Verb form: is/am/are + -ing form of the verb

Examples
She is writing a letter.
I am learning my lessons.
You are making a cake.
Verb form: is/am/are + being + past participle form of the verb

Examples
A letter is being written by her.
My lessons are being learnt by me.
A cake is being made by you.
Rese
nt perfect tense
Verb form: has/have + past participle form of the verb

Examples:

I have written a novel.
She has finished the job.
You have written letters.
Verb form: has/have + been + past participle form of the verb

Examples:

A novel has been written by me.

The job has been finished by her.
Letters have been written by you.
Simple past
Verb form: past tense form of the verb

Examples:
I wrote a letter.
Ram broke a glass.
You missed the chance.
Verb form: was/were + past participle form of the verb

Examples:
A letter was written by me.
A glass was broken by Ram.
The chance was missed by you.
Past continuous tense
Verb form: was/were + -ing form of the verb

Examples
I was learning my lessons.
She was writing a report.
They were making toys.
Verb form: was/were + being + past participle form of the verb

Examples
My lessons were being learnt by me.
A report was being written by her.
Toys were being made by them.
Past perfect tense
Verb form: had + past participle form of the verb

Examples
I had finished the project.
She had learned her lessons.
Verb form: had + been + past participle form of the verb

Examples:
The project had been finished by me.
Her lessons had been learned by her.
Simple future tense
Verb form: will/shall + first form of the verb

Examples
I will finish the job.
She will solve the problem.
Verb form: will/shall + be + past participle form of the verb

Examples:
The job will be finished by me.
The problem will be solved by her.
Future perfect
Verb form: will/shall + have + past participle form of the verb

Examples
I will have finished the job.
She will have solved the problem.
Verb form: will/shall + have + been + past participle form of the verb

Examples
The job will have been finished by me.
The problem will have been solved by her.


Auxiliary verb in passive voice: be
Active voice: CAN
She can play a violin.
She cannot play a violin.
Can she play a violin?
Passive voice: CAN BE
A violin can be played by her.
A violin cannot be played by her.
Can a violin be played by her?
Active voice: MAY
I may buy the computer.
I may not buy the computer.
May I buy the computer?		Active voice: MAY BE
The computer may be bought by me.
The computer may not be bought by me.
May the computer be bought by me?
Active voice: MIGHT
Guests might play chess.
Guests might not play chess.		Active voice: MIGHT BE
Chess might be played by guests.
Chess might not be played guests.
Active voice: SHOULD
Students should study all lessons.
Students should not study all lessons.
Should students study all lessons?		Active voice: SHOULD BE
All lessons should be studied by students.
All lessons should not be studied by students.
Should all lessons be studied by students?
Active voice: MUST
You must learn the test-taking strategies.
You must not learn the test-taking strategies.		Active voice: MUST BE
Test-taking strategies must be learnt by you.
Test-taking strategies must not be learned by you.
Active voice: OUGHT TO
They ought to take the examination.		Active voice: OUGHT TO BE
The examination ought to be taken by them.


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